For me, Summerhill's LP from 1968 sounds very similar in approach to Euphoria. Daughters Of Albion I would need to listen to again. The Common People LP has similarities to Food, though it isn't as good in my opinion.
I don't think anything else really sounds like Puzzle and while Skip Spence is often compared to Syd Barrett, sonically they are not similar with one being very English and the other very American. Yes, they were both mentally breaking down and that can clearly be heard in both, but that is where the similarity ends in my opinion.